The grain can be seen by looking at a new piece of sheet metal and noticing the direction of visible lines going from one end to the other. Grain direction is often specified on stainless steel in order to achieve minimum bend radius or to control spring back. Grain Direction is not to be confused with surface finishes made by sanding or other finishing operations.
Grain Direction is formed in metal in the direction in which the sheet was rolled at the steel mill. Since commercial sheet metal bending can be done with less concern for stresses caused during forming operation, the radius can be near zero for thin sheet metal. The bend radii listed are standard minimum if manufacturing for aircraft and aerospace applications.
The minimum bend radius data shown in these charts is measured to the inside of the bend.
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